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Universiteit Leiden

A Circular Economy of Metals: Towards a Sustainable Societal Metabolism

Metals are present everywhere around us and are one of the major materials upon which our economies are built. Economic development is deeply coupled with the use of metals. During the 20th century, the variety of metal applications in society grew rapidly. In addition to mass applications such as steel in buildings and aluminium in planes, more and more different metals are in use for innovative technologies such as the use of the speciality metal indium in LCD screens. A lot of metals will be needed in the future. It will not be easy to provide them. In particular in emerging economies, but also in industrialised countries, the demand for metals is increasing rapidly. Mining and production activities expand, and with that also the environmental consequences of metal production. In this course, we will explore those consequences and we will also explore options to move towards a more sustainable system of metals production and use. We will focus especially on the options to reach a circular economy for metals: keeping metals in use for a very long time, to avoid having to mine new ones. This course is based on the reports of the Global Metals Flows Group of the International Resource Panel that is part of UN Environment. An important aspect that will come back each week, are the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the SDGs. Those are ambitious goals to measure our progress towards a more sustainable world. We will use the SDGs as a touching stone for the assessment of the metals challenge, as well as the solutions we present in this course to solve that challenge.

Status: Environment
Status: Sustainable Design
BeginnerCourse40 hours

Featured reviews

Reviewed Apr 9, 2021

Hard work and some tough reading material, not an easy option to pass, but a good introduction to metals sustainability and recycling.

Reviewed Nov 18, 2025

I feel like the course is a bit complex for beginner level - it could be simplified.

Reviewed Nov 1, 2024

As a Professor of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, I find this course very useful in presenting new ideas for sustainable systems of metals production and use. The lecturers are very good.

Reviewed Mar 9, 2019

Loved the Dutch approach to design and sustainability!

Reviewed May 11, 2020

Great content, great professor. Worth the effort. Looking forward to learning more and be more engaged about the metals challenge and the circular economy

Reviewed Nov 3, 2020

Comprehensive course covering a lot of topics related to circular economies and specifics related to metals and mining.

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Marie
Reviewed Jun 11, 2019
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