This week, we are working with clustering, one of the most popular unsupervised learning methods. Last week, we used PCA to find a low-dimensional representation of data. Clustering, on the other hand, finds subgroups among observations. We can get a meaningful intuition of the data structure or use a procedure like Cluster-then-predict. Clustering has several applications ranging from marketing customer segmentation and advertising, identifying similar movies/music, to genomics research and disease subtypes discovery. We will focus our efforts mainly on K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering with consideration to the benefits and disadvantages of both and the choice of metrics like distance or linkage. We have reading, a quiz, and a Jupyter notebook lab/Peer Review this week.

This week we are working with Recommender Systems. Websites like Netflix, Amazon, and YouTube will surface personalized recommendations for movies, items, or videos. This week, we explore Recommendation Engines' strategies to predict users' likes. We will consider popularity, content-based, and collaborative filtering approaches, and what similarity metrics to use. As we work with Recommendation Systems, there are challenges, like the time complexity of operations and sparse data. This week is relatively math dense. You will have a quiz wherein you will work with different similarity metric calculations. Give yourself time for this week's Jupyter notebook lab and consider performant implementations. The Peer Review section this week is short.

We are already at the last week of course material! Get ready for another dense math week. Last week, we learned about Recommendation Systems. We used a Neighborhood Method of Collaborative Filtering, utilizing similarity measures. Latent Factor Models, including the popular Matrix Factorization (MF), can also be used for Collaborative Filtering. A 1999 publication in Nature made Non-negative Matrix Factorization extremely popular. MF has many applications, including image analysis, text mining/topic modeling, Recommender systems, audio signal separation, analytic chemistry, and gene expression analysis. For this week, we focus on Singular Value Decomposition, Non-negative Matrix Factorization, and Approximation methods. This week, we have reading, a quiz, and a Kaggle mini-project utilizing matrix factorization to categorize news articles.