What Is Computer Science? Meaning, Jobs, and Degrees

Computer science is the study of computer hardware and software. It includes a wide range of interrelated subfields, from machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to cybersecurity and software development. Computer science careers can be found across various industries, including software publishing companies, game development studios, financial services, and even the government. As a computer science professional, you may also work in research or manufacturing. In the following article, you'll learn more about the field of computer science, how it's used in industries across the world, and the jobs you might qualify for with a background in computer science. If you're ready to get started, consider enrolling in the free online course from Princeton University, Programming with a Purpose.

Read more: Is Computer Science Hard?

What is computer science?

Computer science is an interdisciplinary field that studies computational systems and how they can solve problems in the real world. It focuses as much on the theoretical underpinnings of computer science as it does on the actual use and creation of hardware and software systems. Examples of focus areas under these two umbrellas include designing and programming computing systems and software and researching and testing algorithms, information, and automation theories.

Read more: Computer Science vs. Computer Engineering: How the Jobs Differ

Examples of computer science industry applications

There are countless ways that computer science is used in the professional world today. For example, one of the most significant advances in computer science is artificial intelligence (AI), which leverages algorithms and computing systems to enable machines to perform complex tasks that traditionally only humans could perform. AI is being used in more industries than ever before, including marketing, automotive, retail, entertainment, and health care. 

Here are some additional ways that computer science technology is used worldwide:

• The manufacturing industry develops and manufactures 3D printers for the medical community, dentistry, and architecture. Companies such as Nike and Ford Motor Company are among the top users of 3D technology.

• Robotics uses AI and other technologies to complete tasks that might otherwise be too dangerous for humans to perform. The medical field and automobile manufacturing industry both use robots. Along with the safety advantages, robotics can increase productivity.

• Computer vision and natural language processing (NLP) are the technologies that allow phones to recognize faces and digital assistants to understand commands. Self-driving cars, the health care field, and law enforcement currently use computer vision.

Read more: 9 High-Paying Computer Science Jobs

Strong growth expected in the computer science industry

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer and information technology occupations are projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations [1].

Computer science jobs

Commonly pursued fields in computer science that you may be familiar with include UI/UX development, web development, and mobile application development. Here are some job titles to consider if you're interested in learning more about computer science career paths:

Read more: Top 5 Entry-Level Computer Science Jobs + How to Get One

• Software developer: As a software developer, your job will be to design computer applications. Similar job titles include computer programmer and software engineer, all of which write code for software programs and applications and test them for functionality.

Read more: What Does a Software Developer Do? Career Overview + Outlook

• AI Engineer: Artificial intelligence engineers use AI and machine learning techniques to develop applications and systems that solve problems.

Read more: Becoming an AI Engineer: 7 Questions with an IBMer

• Information security analyst: This position requires you to ensure computer network security. 

Read more: How to Become an Information Security Analyst: Salary, Skills, and More

• Computer science teacher: If you love to teach others about computer science, you can earn a teaching certification and work in secondary education. 

Read more: What Degree Do You Need to Be a Teacher?

• Technical project manager: A technical project manager leads a team of computer professionals through projects throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC), or from conception to completion.

Read more: What Is a Technical Project Manager? (How to Become One)

• Hardware engineering: If you’re interested in designing computer parts, you may want to pursue a career in hardware design or engineering, for example, mechanical engineering.

Read more: How to Become a Mechanical Engineer

• Video game designer/developer: If you enjoy working with a team of creative people, you may be interested in a career as a video game designer. Your role will be to design games for computers, consoles, and other electronic devices.

Read more: What Is a Video Game Designer? Career Overview + FAQ

• Network systems administration: In this role, you’ll oversee the day-to-day operation of computer networks.

Read more: What Is a Network Administrator? A Career Guide

What do computer scientists earn?

The salary you can earn as a computer scientist depends on the industry. According to the US BLS, the annual median wage for computer and information technology occupations is $104,420 as of December 2024 [1].

The BLS reports a median salary of $145,080 for computer and information research scientists and $129,840 for computer network architects. Network and computer systems administrators earn a median wage of $95,360 and computer support specialists earn a median wage of $60,810 [1].

Read more: Computer Science Salary: Your 2025 Guide

What skills do I need to become a computer scientist?

A computer scientist should have a strong command of mathematical formulas and good analytical skills. Many positions require teamwork, so you’ll want to be comfortable working with others. You may work under tight deadlines, so time management skills are essential.

A position in computer science requires good programming skills and knowledge of software development and coding languages. Python, Java, and JavaScript are among the essential languages to know.

Read more: Is a Computer Science Degree Worth It?

Building a career in computer science

Many careers in computer science require an associate or bachelor’s degree, so you may want to begin building your resume with a solid educational foundation. You’ll benefit from science, math, and technology classes as a high school student. Typically, you can expect a bachelor’s degree in computer science to take four years. Your first two years are spent taking general education coursework, and then you must select your specialization.

The area of computing that most interests you will determine your course of study and the electives you’ll need to complete. Whether your goal is to work as a computer programmer or your interest is in systems analysis, a degree in computer science will provide you with the foundation needed to enter the workforce. Many schools offer internships so you can gain hands-on experience and begin building your resume.

Read more: Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science: A Guide

What can I do with a degree in computer science?

A degree in computer science can lead to a career as a system programmer, software developer, web developer, network administrator, software tester, product manager, and engineering manager, among other professions. You can also find work as a data scientist, or you may want to teach computer science at a higher education level.

Read more: What Can You Do with a Computer Science Degree? 10 In-Demand Fields

Computer science certifications 

Certification programs are available in many areas of computer science. You can find programs for IT security, cloud computing, and help desk assistance. Certification programs are also available should you specialize in an area you didn’t cover in your degree program or pursue a role that doesn't require a degree. Completing a certification program can increase your earning potential and help to build your resume. 

You may want to take one of Microsoft’s certifications, beginning with their entry-level technology associate program. Cisco and Oracle also offer certification programs for computer science professionals.

Read more: 10 Essential IT Certifications for 2025

Certificate programs

Certificate programs can help you stay on top of your career by learning about the latest technology from the organizations that create it. They may also help you transition into a role that isn't directly related to your background.

Read more: Free IT Certifications and Courses to Elevate Your Career

Take the next step toward a computer science career with Coursera

You can gain a comprehensive introduction to computer science for free with Princeton University's online course, Computer Science: Programming with a Purpose.

If you want to earn credentials to help you transition into an entry-level computer science role, consider learning with an industry leader with Amazon's Junior Software Developer Professional Certificate program. In as little as four months, you can gain essential software development skills like Java programming, full-stack web development, and proficiency with data structures and algorithms.

Or, get ahead in an in-demand field with IBM's AI Developer Professional Certificate program. This beginner-friendly course series focuses on generative AI models and technologies. You'll learn to use Python and Flask to develop and deploy applications on the web while earning credentials from IBM.