What Is Computer Science? Meaning, Jobs, and Degrees

Computer science is the study of computer hardware and software. Those who study computer science, consequently, can specialize in a wide range of interrelated subfields, from artificial intelligence and cryptography to computer engineering and software development.

Computer science careers can be found in various industries and organizations, including computer software companies, game development studios, financial services, and even the government. They also work in research and for social media companies and manufacturers, to name a few.  In this article, you'll learn more about the field of computer science, how it's used in industries across the world, and the jobs you might qualify for with a background in computer science. Read on to learn more.

Computer science meaning

Computer science is an interdisciplinary field focused on studying computers and their uses in the real world. As a result, the field of computer science focuses as much on the theoretical underpinnings of computers as it does their actual uses and creation. Some common areas of study within the field include designing and applying computer software and hardware, along with theories concerning algorithms, information, and automation.

The computer science industry applications

There are countless ways that computer science is used in the professional world today. One of the most significant advances in computer science, for example, is artificial intelligence (AI), which leverages computing power to enable machines to perform complex tasks that traditionally only humans could perform. Already, AI is being used in a wide range of different industries, including automotive, retail, and health care. 

That's not all, though. Here are some of the other ways that computer science technology is used in various industries across the world today:

• The manufacturing industry develops and manufactures 3D printers for the medical community, dentistry, and architecture. Companies such as Nike and Ford Motor Company are among the top users of 3D technology.

• Robotics uses AI and other technologies to complete tasks that might otherwise be too dangerous for humans to perform. The medical field and automobile manufacturing industry both use robots. Along with the safety advantages, robotics can increase productivity.

• Computer vision and natural language processing (NLP) are the technologies that allow phones to recognize faces and digital assistants to understand commands. Self-driving cars, the health care field, and law enforcement currently use computer vision.

Strong growth expected

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer occupations are projected to grow by 14 percent between 2022 and 2032 [1].

This is faster than average for all occupations. Industries using computer science majors include security, health care, government, education, and agriculture.

Computer science disciplines

As a computer science student, you can choose a major that best meets your interests and career goals. Whether your goal is to work as a computer programmer or your interest is in software development, a degree in computer science will provide you with the foundation needed to enter the workforce.

Many schools offer internships so you can gain hands-on experience and begin building your resume. Some areas of computer science include:

• Software development: As a software developer, your job will be to design computer applications. Most positions require a bachelor’s degree.

• Computer programming: Computer programmers write code for software programs and applications and test them for functionality.

• Network systems administration: In this role, you’ll oversee the day-to-day operation of computer networks.

• Hardware engineering: If you’re interested in designing computer parts, you may want to pursue a career as a hardware engineer.

• Video game design: If you enjoy working with a team of creative people, you may be interested in a career as a video game designer. Your role will be to design games for computers and other electronic devices.

Computer science jobs

You may want to enter one of the more common fields when exploring potential computer science careers. Among them are UX design, web development, and mobile app development. 

Computer hardware and software engineers are among the customary positions for computer scientists. You may also find yourself working in other fields, such as: 

• AI Engineer: Artificial intelligence engineers create computer systems that can do the tasks humans would otherwise do. 

• Information security analyst: This position requires you to ensure computer network security. 

• Computer science teacher: If you love to teach others about computer science, you can earn a teaching certification and work in secondary education. 

• IT project manager: A project manager leads a team of computer professionals in projects from conception to completion.

Read more: Top 5 Entry-Level Computer Science Jobs + How to Get One

What do computer scientists earn?

The salary you can earn as a computer scientist depends on the industry. According to the US BLS, the annual median wage for computer and information technology occupations is $100,530 as of May 2022 [1].

The BLS reports a median salary of $136,620 for computer and information research scientists with a master’s degree and $126,900 for computer network architects with a bachelor's degree. Network and computer systems administrators earn a median wage of $90,520 for those with a bachelor’s degree, and computer support specialists, who are not always required to have a degree, earn a median wage of $59,660 [1].

What skills do I need to become a computer scientist?

A computer scientist should have a strong command of mathematical formulas and good analytical skills. Many positions require teamwork, so you’ll want to be comfortable working with others. You may work under tight deadlines, so time management skills are essential.

A position in computer science requires good programming skills and knowledge of software development and coding languages. Python, Java, and JavaScript are among the essential languages to know.

Read more: Computer Skills: What They Are and How to Improve Them

Building a career in computer science

A career in computer science usually requires a bachelor’s degree, so you’ll want to begin building your resume with a solid educational foundation. You’ll benefit from science, math, and technology classes as a high school student. 

Typically, you can expect a bachelor’s degree in computer science to take four years. Your first two years are typically spent taking general education coursework, and then you’ll need to select your specialization. The area of computing that most interests you will determine your course of study and the electives you’ll need to complete. 

Read more: Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science: A Guide

What can I do with a degree in computer science?

A degree in computer science can lead to a career as a system programmer, software developer, web developer, network administrator, software tester, product manager, and engineering manager, among other professions. You can also find work as a data scientist, or you may want to teach computer science at a higher education level.

Read more: What Can You Do with a Computer Science Degree? 10 In-Demand Fields

Qualifications

Most positions require a bachelor’s degree in computer science. You can increase your employment prospects by obtaining a graduate degree. Certification programs are also available should you specialize in an area you didn’t cover in your degree program. Completing a certification program can increase your earning potential and help to build your resume. 

Certifications 

Certification programs are available in many areas of computer science. You can find programs for IT security, cloud computing, and help desk assistance. 

You may want to take one of Microsoft’s certifications, beginning with their entry-level technology associate program. Cisco and Oracle also offer certification programs for computer science professionals.

Certificate programs

If you're interested in Google or IBM computing, you can earn a certificate in computer science or IT from them. Some programs you can complete in less than a year. 

Certificate programs can help you specialize in an area you didn’t get to study when working on your undergraduate degree and can enhance your resume. Certificate programs can also help you stay on top of your career by learning about the latest technology from the very organizations that create it.

Start your computer science career on Coursera

Computer Science covers a broad range of specializations. If you’re considering a career in computer science, explore courses and degree options on Coursera.

If you're new to computer science, consider taking The University of London's Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Specialization, covering basic computing fundamentals and mathematical foundations. If you're ready to pursue a degree, explore your options for earning a bachelor's or master's degree in computer science online.